Malang Raya consisting of (1) Malang City, (2) Malang Regency, and (3) Batu City were predicted as "historic areas". However, when Batu is compared to its two neighboring regions, so far Batu City has the fewest historical traces. If Malang City is rich in Indis cultural heritage, Malang Regency is rich in cultural traces of Hindu-Buddhist times. As an area located in a historic area, it is very possible that Batu is also rich in traces of past cultures. However, so far the Historical-Archaeological research in the Batu area is somewhat lacking. In fact, by researching it, there is a possibility that one by one the traces (relics) of the past culture in Batu have been revealed. One of the most actual akelogis discoveries in Batu is the ruins of temple buildings in Pendem Village, Junrejo District.
For Batu City, which has only had a monumental architecture, in the form of Songgoriti "temples" (X century AD), the discovery of the ruins of the temple in Pendem has added a treasure to the City of Batu. The initial discovery occurred accidentally by residents had (Anton Adi Wibowo, 40 years) when digging the soil in the northern area of the tomb of Pendem Village to plant an avocado tree on November 25, 2019. It was not expected that a large brick structure was found (ancient). His findings were then reported to the relevant authorities and institutions for a review, until finally the East Java BPCB was swiftly dismounted as an effort to secure and rescue archeology (rescue Achaeology).
After the implementation of Rescue-Archeology as phase I excavation on 12-14 December 2019, and further excavations (stage II on 18-21 December 2019 and stage III on 7-16 February 2020), it was revealed that the findings were temples. Interestingly, the temple is not made of andesite stone (river stone) as is the case with most temples in Malang, but the temple is made of brick. In phase II excavation, moreover in stage III, the figure as a temple is increasingly apparent. With the discovery of the temple component in the form of a well (perigi) on February 14, 2020, in phase III excavation, what had been hypothesized before (excavation stages I and II) that the archeological remains found in Pendem Village as a temple building proved to be accurate.
In the early reports, the findings of the Shiva sect Hindu temple by the Archaeologist from BPCB East Java in Trowulan, Wicaksono Dwi Nugroho, gave an age estimate of the temple findings in Pendem in the "pre-Majahit" era. According to him, the dimensions of the size of the ancient bricks that make up the structure of the temple building were hypothesized as coming from the pre-Majapahit mass. In fact, it could be from the time of Kadiri - Singosari (XI-XIII century AD) ". The size of the bricks (P = 35 cm, L = 25 cm, and Tb = 9 cm). If the bricks at the Pendem site are compared with bricks at Sekaran site (33X25 X 8 Cm), looks a little bigger, therefore, according to him, the age of the temple in Pendem is slightly earlier (older) than the Sekaran Site, based on the findings in the form of coins (chinase coin, duwit gobog) and ceramics from The Song Dynasty, predicted to be the site of Sekaran around the X-XI century AD.
According to my hypothesis (M. Dwi Cahyono), there is the possibility of an embryo from a temple in Pendem at least in the early X century AD, related to the news in the inscription on unemployment (14 Suklapaksa Srawana in Saka year 850 Saka = August 2, 928 AD) regarding the existence of " the hyang Prasadha kabhaktyan i Mananjung (place of worship for devotions in Mananjung), to which the metal forges (gusali, on iron type weapons) are in the ancient village (wanua) Unemployed in performing worship activities. Determination of a plot of land in the village (wanua) perdikan land (sima) "is related to the cost of organizing a religious rite in the sacred building (read" temple ") in Mananjung. In the book" History of the Stone Region: Reconstruction of Socio-Cultural Reconstruction "which I wrote in 2011, page 84, I submit "The proposed Mananjung location in the village of Mojorejo and surrounding areas was deliberately given by considering the location of the discovery of the Unemployment inscription."
With the discovery of temple ruins in Pendem Village, which is a "neighboring village" or around Mojorejo Village, there is sufficient reason to hypothesize that the kabhaktyan prasadha in Mananjung is in Pendem, the ruins of the newly discovered temple. If it is true that the temple in Pendem is "prasadha kabhaktyan in Mananjung" which was preached by the inscription on unemployment (928 AD), this finding is very important for the historical area of Batu. Given that so far it has been found, the S unemployment inscription is the "oldest" inscription in Batu. Because the inscription is "a source of textual type data", the inscription on unemployment deserves to be predicted as "textual markers regarding the origin of the history of the Batu area". Likewise, if it is true that the temple in Pendem is a sacred building in Mananjung, then the ruins of the temple in Pendem Village may be said "artifactual markers about you"
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For Batu City, which has only had a monumental architecture, in the form of Songgoriti "temples" (X century AD), the discovery of the ruins of the temple in Pendem has added a treasure to the City of Batu. The initial discovery occurred accidentally by residents had (Anton Adi Wibowo, 40 years) when digging the soil in the northern area of the tomb of Pendem Village to plant an avocado tree on November 25, 2019. It was not expected that a large brick structure was found (ancient). His findings were then reported to the relevant authorities and institutions for a review, until finally the East Java BPCB was swiftly dismounted as an effort to secure and rescue archeology (rescue Achaeology).
After the implementation of Rescue-Archeology as phase I excavation on 12-14 December 2019, and further excavations (stage II on 18-21 December 2019 and stage III on 7-16 February 2020), it was revealed that the findings were temples. Interestingly, the temple is not made of andesite stone (river stone) as is the case with most temples in Malang, but the temple is made of brick. In phase II excavation, moreover in stage III, the figure as a temple is increasingly apparent. With the discovery of the temple component in the form of a well (perigi) on February 14, 2020, in phase III excavation, what had been hypothesized before (excavation stages I and II) that the archeological remains found in Pendem Village as a temple building proved to be accurate.
In the early reports, the findings of the Shiva sect Hindu temple by the Archaeologist from BPCB East Java in Trowulan, Wicaksono Dwi Nugroho, gave an age estimate of the temple findings in Pendem in the "pre-Majahit" era. According to him, the dimensions of the size of the ancient bricks that make up the structure of the temple building were hypothesized as coming from the pre-Majapahit mass. In fact, it could be from the time of Kadiri - Singosari (XI-XIII century AD) ". The size of the bricks (P = 35 cm, L = 25 cm, and Tb = 9 cm). If the bricks at the Pendem site are compared with bricks at Sekaran site (33X25 X 8 Cm), looks a little bigger, therefore, according to him, the age of the temple in Pendem is slightly earlier (older) than the Sekaran Site, based on the findings in the form of coins (chinase coin, duwit gobog) and ceramics from The Song Dynasty, predicted to be the site of Sekaran around the X-XI century AD.
According to my hypothesis (M. Dwi Cahyono), there is the possibility of an embryo from a temple in Pendem at least in the early X century AD, related to the news in the inscription on unemployment (14 Suklapaksa Srawana in Saka year 850 Saka = August 2, 928 AD) regarding the existence of " the hyang Prasadha kabhaktyan i Mananjung (place of worship for devotions in Mananjung), to which the metal forges (gusali, on iron type weapons) are in the ancient village (wanua) Unemployed in performing worship activities. Determination of a plot of land in the village (wanua) perdikan land (sima) "is related to the cost of organizing a religious rite in the sacred building (read" temple ") in Mananjung. In the book" History of the Stone Region: Reconstruction of Socio-Cultural Reconstruction "which I wrote in 2011, page 84, I submit "The proposed Mananjung location in the village of Mojorejo and surrounding areas was deliberately given by considering the location of the discovery of the Unemployment inscription."
With the discovery of temple ruins in Pendem Village, which is a "neighboring village" or around Mojorejo Village, there is sufficient reason to hypothesize that the kabhaktyan prasadha in Mananjung is in Pendem, the ruins of the newly discovered temple. If it is true that the temple in Pendem is "prasadha kabhaktyan in Mananjung" which was preached by the inscription on unemployment (928 AD), this finding is very important for the historical area of Batu. Given that so far it has been found, the S unemployment inscription is the "oldest" inscription in Batu. Because the inscription is "a source of textual type data", the inscription on unemployment deserves to be predicted as "textual markers regarding the origin of the history of the Batu area". Likewise, if it is true that the temple in Pendem is a sacred building in Mananjung, then the ruins of the temple in Pendem Village may be said "artifactual markers about you"
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