The Kingdom of Kediri or the Kingdom of Panjalu is a large kingdom that was founded in the 12th century between the years 1042-1222. This kingdom is part of the Ancient Mataram Kingdom. The kingdom of Kediri has a Hindu style.
The history of the founding of the Kediri Kingdom
The kingdom of Kediri began with the order of King Airlangga to divide the kingdom into two parts in 1041 AD. The division of the kingdom was intended to avoid conflict, as quoted from the book Encyclopedia of Complete History of Indonesia from Classical to Contemporary Era by Adi Sudirman.
The kingdom of King Airlangga is known as Kahuripan. The division of the kingdom was carried out by a powerful Brahmin named Empu Bharada. The two kingdoms were known as the Jenggala Kingdom (Kahuripan) and Panjalu (Kediri). This kingdom is bordered by Gunung Kawi and the Brantas River, as narrated in the Mahaksubya inscription (1289 AD), the book Negarakertagama (1365 AD), and the book Candida Charcoal (1540 AD).
At the beginning of the development period, the Kingdom of Kediri was not widely known. The descending Hyang II inscription (1044) issued by the Jenggala Kingdom only reported that there was a civil war between Jenggala and Kediri after the death of King Airlangga. The history of the Kingdom of Kediri or Panjalu began to be known by the existence of the Sirah Keting Inscription in 1104 on behalf of Sri Jayawarsa. Before Sri Jayawarsa, only king Sri Samarawijaya was known.
The location of the kingdom of the Kingdom of Kediri is in the East Java area. The kingdom of Kediri was centered in Daha, or around the city of Kediri now. The center of the Kediri Kingdom was located on the banks of the Brantas River, which at that time had become a busy shipping lane. King of the Kingdom of Kediri
- Shri Jayawarsa Digjaya Shastraprabhu
- Shri Kameshwara
- King Jayabaya
- King Sarwaswera
- King Kroncharyadipa
- Srengga Kertajaya
- Kertajaya
The Economic Life of the Kingdom of Kediri
The economic life of the Kingdom of Kediri can be known through Chinese chronicles which mention the following:
1. Kediri produces a lot of rice
2. Other merchandise sold in the market, such as gold, silver, meat, sandalwood, areca nut, and pottery
3. Have used money made of gold as a means of payment or a medium of exchange
4. The position of the Kingdom of Kediri is very strategic in the trade of East Indonesia and West Indonesia with its port city
5. People's taxes in the form of agricultural products
Social Life of the Kingdom of Kediri
Kediri society does not follow the caste system, as stated in the book Lubdhaka. In the book, it is stated that the high and low of a person's dignity is not determined by the basis of descent and position, but based on his behavior.
The heyday of the Kediri Kingdom
The heyday of the Kingdom of Kediri occurred in the leadership of Jayabaya. Jayabaya is known for his political leadership and predictions recorded in Jongko Joyoboyo. In addition, Jayabaya's populist attitude and vision for the future make him memorable.
The collapse of the Kediri Kingdom
The collapse of the Kediri Kingdom occurred during the reign of King Kertajaya, as narrated in the books of Pararaton and Nagarakertagama. In 1222, Kertajaya was deemed to have violated religion and forced Brahmins to worship him as a god.
The Brahmins then asked for Ken Arok's protection. Ken Arok who aspires to liberate Tumapel from the power of Kediri sparked a war between the Kingdom of Kediri and Tumapel near the village of Ganter.
Ken Arok's success in defeating Kertajaya marked the collapse of the Kediri Kingdom which later became the rule of Tumapel or Singasari Kingdom. Relics of the Kingdom of Kediri
One of the relics of the Kingdom of Kediri is believed to be the Tondowongso Site in early 2007. A number of ancient statues from the Kingdom of Kediri found in Gayam Village, Kediri are classified as rare because for the first time a statue of Lord Shiva Catur Muka or four-faced was found.
The Kediri Kingdom inscription is also a relic, including:
1. The Sirah Keting inscription, containing gifts to the people by King Jayawarsa
2. The Tulungagung and Kertosono inscriptions, containing religious issues written by King Bameswara (1117-1130 AD)
3. Ngantang inscription, explaining the giving of gifts to the people of Ngantang. The prize was a plot of land that had been taxed free by King Jayabaya (1135 AD)
4. Jaring Inscription, containing names such as Kebo Waruga and Tikus Jinada
5. Kamula inscription, explaining the success of King Kertajaya, fighting his enemies in Katang.
Well, that's the history of the stand, the glory, until the collapse of the Kediri Kingdom.
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