The traffic flow on the Madiun-Ponorogo highway is heavy. The fumes of the vehicle combined with the scorching heat. Exactly, in Ngrawan Hamlet, Dolopo Village, Dolopo District, Madiun Regency, the Ngurawan site was found. The excavation or excavation has not been completed. The history behind the Ngurawan site is still a mystery.
A stone's throw from the Nguwaran site, there is a house building where part of the living room has been transformed into a storage room for ancient objects. The room is 8 meters wide and 12 meters long and has eight glass cabinets. Each cupboard contains various archaeological objects from the Ngurawan site excavation.
Suhanto or who is familiarly called Gatot, the owner of the house greets every visitor. He is the owner of the house, part of the yard in the north of the house is the location for the excavation of the Ngurawan site. Gatot told his late father, Sarnu, that there was a hidden building behind the house. This story has been passed down from generation to generation by Gatot. Residents also accidentally found various archaeological objects when digging the ground for brick raw materials.
After 20 years of his father's death, in March 2016 Gatot dug a plot of land behind his house. Five people were employed assisted by local residents. Before digging, he asked the village government and the police for permission.
“The government of Madiun Regency, he said, has already decided. However, the land is still owned. My own land. The yard of the house," explained Gatot. In particular, the Yogyakarta Archeology team called the Ngurawan Site a classical period settlement site. Crock, pottery, plates, and jugs show the peculiarities of the Majapahit period. Also found pots from the Ming Dynasty, around the 14th and 15th centuries AD.
Classical settlement sites also refer to brick-walled buildings. Archaeologists suspect this building is a hydrological building. Related to water management. Because not far from the building, there is a river. Until now the river is still flowing fast.
In the past, the people who lived were Shiva or Hindu. Around the Ngrawan Mosque, a statue of Dewi Parwati was found. According to Hindu mythology, Parvati is the daughter of a mountain king from the Himalayas named Himawan. Parvati is also considered the second wife of Shiva.
Around the tomb behind the mosque, Yoni was found 60 centimeters high and 90 centimeters long. Yoni is a symbol of fertility. During the development of Hinduism, Yoni was a symbol of Goddess Parvati, the wife of Lord Shiva. Yoni is the pedestal for the phallus or statue.
In addition, it was also found that there was a topim that strengthened the existence of a kingdom in the region. That is the area called "Kedaton" or "puntuk dhaton". Another more powerful toponym is the name of the region itself. Ngrawan village. Reminiscent of the name Ngurawan.
According to T.M. Rita Istari, Chair of the Yogyakarta Archaeological Team (2017: 21), there are at least three inscriptions that mention the name Ngurawan or a name similar to Ngurawan. First, the Mula-Malurung Inscription (1177 Caka or 1255 AD). The inscription is in the form of 10 pieces of copper plates issued by the Kadiri Kingdom and given to Mula Village and Malurung Village.
In the inscription it is stated that the Bracelet-gelang kingdom is in "Bhumi Wuruwan" while the Daha kingdom is in "Bhumi Kadiri". The text in this inscription is considered stronger than the Pararathon and Nagarakertagama manuscripts.
Second, the Taji inscription (823 Caka or 901 AD). This Old Javanese inscription was issued by Rakryan I Watu Tihan Mpu Sanggramadurandara to inaugurate the priest's dormitory or kabikuan in Taji Hamlet, Bracelet Panaraga Village. This inscription clearly mentions officials in the Bhurawan area. Identical to the name Ngurawan.
Third, the Pucangan inscription (951 Caka or 1029 AD). It is said that King Airlangga attacked Wuratan. The word Wuratan is close to Ngurawan. In the Old Javanese language, "tha" and "wa/va" have similarities. So, Wurawan could be transcribed Wuratan.
The existence of the Gelang-gelang kingdom or Ngurawan is still a matter of debate so far. The epigrapher from the Netherlands, N.J. Krom mentions that the Kingdom of Bracelets is the same as Daha or Kadiri. However, this was denied by Prof. Dr. Raden Mas Ngabehi (Lesya) Poerbatjaraka, an expert on Ancient Java. He said that based on the banner script, the Bracelets were located in the west of Mount Wilis, Pagotan/pagutan. Meanwhile, the Yogyakarta BALAR team believes that based on the definition, Bracelets are closer to the village of Gelang which borders the villages of Glonggong and Ngrawan, Dolopo District.
If you look at classical literary works in Sunda, Central Java, East Java, the word "Ngurawan" or "urawan" is indeed more popular than the name Bracelets. Likewise in the Panji script. There are three kingdoms that are often mentioned: Jenggala-Daha/Kediri, Singasari, and Ngurawan.
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