The name of the land of Pajang has been known since the time of the Majapahit Kingdom. According to Nagarakretagama which was written in 1365, that at that time the younger sister of Hayam Wuruk (the king of Majapahit at that time) whose real name was Dyah Nertaja served as ruler of Pajang, with the title Bhatara i Pajang, or abbreviated Bhre Pajang. Dyah Nertaja is the mother of Wikramawardhana (Bhre Mataram), the next king of Majapahit.
Based on chronicle manuscripts, that the Pengging country is called the forerunner of Pajang. It is said that Pengging is an ancient kingdom that was once led by Prabu Anglingdriya, the sworn enemy of Prabu Baka, the king of Prambanan. This story is continued with the tale of the founding of Prambanan Temple.
When Majapahit was led by Brawijaya (the last king according to the chronicle script), that the name Pengging reappeared. It is said that Brawijaya's daughter, Ratna Ayu Pembayun, was kidnapped by Menak Daliputih, king of Blambangan, Menak Jingga's son. A hero named Jaka Sengara appears who manages to snatch the princess and kill her captor.
For his services, then Jaka Sengara was appointed by Brawijaya as the duke of Pengging and married to Ratna Ayu Pembayun. Jaka Sengara then had the title Adipati Andayaningrat. Pajang is seen as the first kingdom to emerge in the interior of Java after the collapse of the Islamic empire in the coastal areas.
According to the chronicle script, Andayaningrat died at the hands of Sunan Ngudung during the war between Majapahit and Demak. He was later succeeded by his son, Raden Kebo Kenanga, with the title Ki Ageng Pengging. Since then Pengging has become a vassal area of the Demak Kingdom.
Several years later Ki Ageng Pengging was sentenced to death for being accused of wanting to rebel against Demak. His son, who holds the title Jaka Tingkir when he grows up, actually serves Demak.
Jaka Tingkir's brilliant achievements in the army led him to be appointed as son-in-law of Trenggana, and became regent of Pajang with the title Adiwijaya. The Pajang area at that time covered the Pengging area (now roughly includes Boyolali and Klaten), Tingkir (Salatiga area), Need, and its surroundings.
After the death of Sultan Trenggana in 1546, it was the beginning of the problems that arose in Jipang Panolan (Bojonegoro) and Pajang. The two regions in Central Java both demanded the right to the Demak throne. Arya Panangsang, nephew of Sultan Trenggana, who ruled the Kadipaten Jipang tried to control one of the largest Islamic kingdoms in Java. But the ruler of Pajang, Jaka Tingkir, hindered his efforts. The conflict is widespread.
According to Serat Kandha, Jaka Tingkir is the son-in-law of Sultan Trenggana for marrying Ratu Mas Cempaka. Jaka Tingkir as Duke of Pajang has the title Adipati Adiwijaya (later Sultan Adiwijaya). By heredity, it is clear that he does not have any rights over Demak. But not long after the funeral of Sultan Trenggana, Jaka Tingkir announced his rule in Demak. The sudden appointment of Jaka Tingkir was made based on the choice of the people of Demak NCO and the approval of all the Dukes of Demak's subordinates. He then ordered that the Demak government be moved to Pajang. All the heirlooms in Demak were also not spared from this transfer.
As the rightful heir of Demak, Sunan Prawoto, should replace the position of Sultan Trenggana. But it is said that he did not want to take the throne, and voluntarily became a Priayi Mukmin or Susuhunan in the Prawata area is a village in the Sukolilo sub-district, Pati, a pair of Garahan used by the king of Demak during the rainy season. This made it easier for Jaka Tingkir to take power. Subsequently, Sunan Prawoto ascended the throne. However, Sunan Prawoto was later killed by his cousin, Arya Panangsang, the regent of Jipang in 1547. After that, Arya Panangsang also tried to kill Adiwijaya but failed.
With the support of Queen Kalinyamat (the regent of Jepara and daughter of Trenggana), Adiwijaya and his followers succeeded in defeating Arya Penangsang. Adiwijaya then took the throne of Demak and founded the Sultanate of Pajang. At the beginning of its establishment or in 1568, the Pajang area, which was related to the existence of Demak in the previous period, only covered part of Central Java. This is due to the fact that many East Java countries have escaped since the death of Sultan Trenggana.
In 1568 Adiwijaya and the dukes of East Java were reunited at Giri Kedaton by Sunan Prapen. On that occasion, the dukes agreed to recognize Pajang's sovereignty over the lands of East Java. As a sign of political ties, Panji Wiryakrama from Surabaya (leader of the dukes of East Java) was married to daughter Adiwijaya.
Another powerful country, namely Madura, was also successfully subdued by Pajang. Its leader, Raden Pratanu alias Panembahan Lemah Dhuwur, was also adopted as Adiwijaya's son-in-law. In the days of the Demak Kingdom, the ulema assembly of Wali Songo had an important role, and even helped establish the kingdom. This assembly meets regularly for a certain period and participates in determining Demak's political policies.
After Trenggana's death, Wali Songo's role faded. Sunan Kudus was even accused of being involved in the murder of Sunan Prawoto, the new king to replace Trenggana.
Although no longer actively convening, more or less the guardians personally still play a role in Pajang's political policy making. For example, Sunan Prapen acted as Adiwijaya's inauguration as king. He was also the mediator of Adiwijaya's meeting with the dukes of East Java in 1568. Meanwhile, Sunan Kalijaga had also helped Ki Ageng Pamanahan ask Adiwijaya for his rights to the land of Mataram as a prize for the competition to kill Arya Panangsang.
Another guardian who still plays a role is Panembahan Kudus. After Adiwijaya's death in 1582, he succeeded in removing Prince Benawa from the position of crown prince, and replaced him with Arya Pangiri. After Adiwijaya's death, there was a rivalry between his son and daughter-in-law, namely Prince Benawa and Arya Pangiri as the next king. Arya Pangiri supported by Panembahan Kudus succeeded to the throne in 1583.
The Aryan Pangiri government is preoccupied with seeking revenge against Mataram. The lives of the Pajang people were neglected due to the crisis. This made Prince Benawa, who had been eliminated to Jipang, feel concerned.
In 1586 Prince Benawa allied with Sutawijaya invaded Pajang. Although in 1582 Sutawijaya fought Adiwijaya, Prince Benawa still considered him an older brother.
The war between Pajang against Mataram and Jipang ended in the defeat of Arya Pangiri. He was returned to his native country, namely Demak. Prince Benawa then became the third king of Pajang.
Prince Benawa's reign ended in 1587. There was no crown prince to replace him, so Pajang was made a vassal state of Mataram. The regent there was Prince Crow Baning or Sutawijaya's younger brother.
Jaka Tingkir atau Adiwijaya (1568-1583)
Arya Pangiri atau Awantipura (1583-1586)
Pangeran Benawa atau Prabuwijaya (1586-1587)
Facebook
